ACTIVE AND PASIVE


ACTIVE AND PASIVE
Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms:
active passive
The hunter killed the lion.>>The lion was killed by the hunter.
Someone has cleaned the windows>>The windows have been cleaned


The passive forms are made up of the verb be with a past participle:
 bepast participle 
Englishisspokenall over the world
The windowshave beencleaned 
Lunchwas beingserved 
The workwill befinishedsoon
Theymight have beeninvitedto the party

We sometimes use the verb get to form the passive:
Be careful with the glass. It might get broken.
Peter got hurt in a crash.
If we want to show the person or thing doing the action we use by:
She was attacked by a dangerous dog.
The money was stolen by her husband.
We can use the indirect object as the subject of a passive verb:

active passive
I gave him a book for his birthday>>He was given a book for his birthday.
Someone sent her a cheque for a thousand euros>>She was sent a cheque for a thousand euros.

We can use phrasal verbs in the passive:

active passive
They called off the meeting.>>The meeting was called off.
His grandmother looked after him.>>He was looked after by his grandmother.
They will send him away to school.>>He will be sent away to school.
Some verbs very frequently used in the passive are followed by the to-infinitive:

be supposed tobe expected tobe asked to
be scheduled tobe allowed tobe told to
John has been asked to make a speech at the meeting.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven. 




DATE:

Sometimes putting the by-phrase at the end separates it too far from the verb, and then we prefer to move it earlier. Thus the second sentence might also be:
We are invited to Helen's birthday party by Helen's mum every year.

It is possible to put the by-phrase in other positions, as in your examples, when we want to emphasise it for some reason. For example, if it were surprising or important for some reason that it is Helen's mum who invites us then we might say:
We are invited by Helen's mum to Helen's birthday party every year.

I hope that helps to clarify it for you.



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